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Domain structure and function of primary bacterial sigma factors
Kálalová, Debora ; Krásný, Libor (advisor) ; Roučová, Kristina (referee)
Transcription initiation is one of the crucial steps of gene expression. A multisubunit enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP) transcribes the genetic information from DNA to RNA. However, RNAP itself is unable to recognize a specific promoter and initiate transcription. For this purpose, bacteria have a protein called σ factor, which binds to RNAP and together form the RNAP holoenzyme. In this thesis I describe the mechanism of bacterial transcription and the structure, function and regulation of σ factors. I focus mainly on the primary σ factors of two important model species, namely gramnegative Escherichia coli and grampositive Bacillus subtilis. I describe them in the context of alternative σ factors, and I point out their differences in structure, function and regulation. Key words: RNA polymerase, primary σ factors, transcription, bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli
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